Interposición hepatodiafragmática del colon / Hepatodiaphragmatic Interposition of the Colon

Hombre de 72 años con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sustitución protésica de cadera derecha hace dos años, que ingresó por dolor localizado en región posterolateral del miembro inferior derecho y dificultad para deambular. El examen físico mostró mucosas hipocoloreadas, abdomen depresible e indoloro con borramiento de la submatidez hepática normal e impotencia funcional con calor y dolor en la articulación coxofemoral. La radiografía del tórax (figura A) reveló un hemidiafragma derecho elevado y el colon transverso estaba interpuesto entre el hígado y el diafragma. Esta anormalidad anatómica es conocida como el signo de Chilaiditi y puede conducir a un diagnóstico falso positivo de neumoperitoneo (figura B de archivo). El signo de Chilaiditi se debe casi siempre a la interposición del colon transverso, aunque puede ser intestino delgado. Cuando se asocia al dolor abdominal, la entidad recibe el nombre de síndrome de Chilaiditi(AU)

Comparison of Surgical Procedures in the Treatment of Hip Periprosthetic Infection / Comparação entre procedimentos cirúrgicos no tratamento da infecção de prótese do quadril

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to compare the cure rate recovery time and Merle d'Aubigné-Postel functional (MAPF) score after single-stage surgery (C1T) or two-stage surgery (C2T) to treat prosthetic infections of the hip considering sociodemographic and clinical features of the patients. Materials and Methods The present retrospective study occurred in a single center from 2011 to 2014 with 37 studied cases including 26 treated with C1T and 11 with C2T. We compared the cure rate recovery time and MAPF score in the two groups as well as the sociodemographic and clinical features of the patients. We also considered surgical complications and the most common infectious agents. Results The C1T group had a faster functional recovery than the C2T group but there were no significant differences in the cure rate surgical complications or MAPF score. However C1T group patients were significantly younger which may have influenced the outcomes. Staphylococcus spp. was the most common infectious agent (62%). Conclusion Although C2T appears superior regarding infection cure C1T may be preferable for faster functional recovery. However it is critical to consider individual patient characteristics when choosing treatment. Further research with a larger sample size is required to confirm these results.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a taxa de cura, o tempo de recuperação e a pontuação na escala funcional de Merle d'Aubigné-Postel (EFMA) entre a cirurgia em tempo único (C1T) e a cirurgia em dois tempos (C2T) no tratamento de infecções protéticas do quadril, considerando as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos pacientes. Materiais e Métodos Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo num único centro, entre 2011 e 2014, com um total de 37 casos estudados, sendo 26 tratados com C1T e 11 com C2T. Foram comparadas a taxa de cura, o tempo de recuperação e a pontuação EFMA entre os dois grupos, bem como as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos pacientes. Foram também consideradas as complicações cirúrgicas e o agente infeccioso mais comum. Resultados O grupo C1T teve uma recuperação funcional mais rápida do que o grupo C2T, mas não houve diferenças significativas na taxa de cura, nas complicações cirúrgicas ou na pontuação EFMA. No entanto, o grupo C1T era significativamente mais jovem, o que pode ter influenciado os resultados. Staphylococcus spp. foi o agente infeccioso mais comum (62%). Conclusão Embora a C2T pareça ser superior em termos de cura de infecção, a C1T pode ser preferível para uma recuperação funcional mais rápida. No entanto, as características individuais dos pacientes devem ser consideradas na escolha do tratamento. São necessárias mais pesquisas com um tamanho de amostra maior para confirmar estes resultados.

Comparison of filling ratio, alignment, and stability between ABG Ⅱ short-stem and Corail long-stem in total hip arthroplasty for Dorr type C femur / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Using the mono-energy reconstruction images and X-ray films to investigate whether the ABG Ⅱ short-stem could improve the filling ratio, stability, and alignment in the Dorr type C femur, compared with the Corail long-stem.@*METHODS@#Among patients who were with Dorr type C femurs and treated with total hip arthroplasty between January 2006 and March 2012, 20 patients with a Corail long-stem (Corail group) and 20 patients with an ABG Ⅱ short-stem (ABG Ⅱ group) were randomly selected. The differences in gender, age, body mass index, and preoperative diagnoses between the two groups were not significant ( P>0.05). The ABG Ⅱ group was with a mean follow-up of 142 months (range, 102-156 months), and the Corail group was with a mean follow-up of 107 months (range, 91-127 months). There was no significant difference in the Harris score and subjective satisfaction score between the two groups at last follow-up ( P>0.05). At last follow-up, dual-energy CT scans with mono-energy image reconstruction were used to calculate the prosthetic filling ratio and to measure the alignment of the prosthesis in the coronal and sagittal positions. Stability assessment was performed based on X-ray films, and the subsidence distance was measured using EBRA-FCA software.@*RESULTS@#X-ray film observation showed that the prostheses in the two groups were stable and no signs of loosening was found. The incidence of pedestal sign was significantly lower in the ABGⅡ group than in the Corail group ( P<0.05), and the incidence of heterotopic ossification was significantly higher in the ABGⅡ group than in the Corail group ( P<0.05). The subsidence distance of femoral stem in ABG Ⅱ group was significantly greater than that in Corail group ( P<0.05), and the subsidence speed of femoral stem in ABG Ⅱ group was also greater than that in Corail group, but the difference was not significant ( P>0.05). The overall prosthesis filling ratio was significantly higher in the ABG Ⅱ group than in the Corail group ( P<0.05), while the coronal filling ratio at the lesser trochanter, 2 cm below the lesser trochanter, and 7 cm below the lesser trochanter were not significant ( P>0.05). The results of prosthesis alignment showed that there was no significant difference in the sagittal alignment error value and the incidence of coronal and sagittal alignment error >3° between the two groups ( P>0.05), while the coronal alignment error value in the ABG Ⅱ group was significantly greater than that in the Corail group ( P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Although the ABG Ⅱ short-stem avoids the distal-proximal mismatch of the Corail long-stem in the Dorr type C femur and thus achieves a higher filling ratio, it does not appear to achieve better alignment or stability.

Imaging measurement and analysis of related indexes of variation of femoral head rotation center / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To provide guidance for hip replacement by analyzing the variation of femoral head rotation center in different hip diseases.@*METHODS@#A total of 5 459 patients were collected from March 2016 to June 2021, who took positive and proportional plain films of both hips for various reasons. The relative position between the rotation center of the femoral head and the apex of the greater trochanter was measured. The positive variation is more than 2 mm above the top of the great trochanter, and the negative variation is more than 2 mm below the top of the great trochanter. A total of 831 patients with variation of femoral head rotation center were collected and were divided into 4 groups according to different diseases, and the variation was counted respectively. There were 15 cases in the normal group involving 10 cases of positive variation and 5 cases of negative variation. There were 145 cases of avascular necrosis of femoral head involving 25 cases of positive variation and 120 cases of negative variation. There were 346 cases of congenital hip dysplasia involving 225 cases of positive variation(including 25 cases of typeⅠ, 70 cases of type Ⅱ, 115 cases of type Ⅲ and 15 cases of type Ⅳ), and 121 cases of negative variation(including 50 cases of crowe typeⅠ, 60 cases of typeⅡ, 10 cases of type Ⅲ and 1 case of type Ⅳ). There were 325 cases of hip osteoarthritis group involving 45 cases of positive variation and 280 cases of negative variation.@*RESULTS@#There was significant difference in variation of femoral head rotation center among the four groups(P<0.05). There was significant difference in variation of femoral head rotation center among different types of congenital hip dysplasia(P<0.05). There were significant differences in cervical trunk angle and eccentricity among different variations of femoral head rotation center(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The variation of femoral head rotation center is related to cervical trunk angle and eccentricity. The variation of femoral head rotation center is an important factor in hip diseases. The variation of femoral head rotation center is different in different hip diseases. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head and osteoarthritis of the hip were mostly negative variations. With the aggravation of congenital hip dysplasia, the variation of femoral head rotation center gradually changed from negative variation to positive variation.The variation of femoral head rotation center should be paid attention to in the preoperative planning of hip arthroplasty. It is of great significance to select the appropriate prosthesis and place the prosthesis accurately.

Meta-analysis of different joint interfaces in total hip arthroplasty under long-term follow-up / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the long-term follow-up effect and complications of ceramic on ceramic (CoC) interface and ceramic on polyethyleneon ceramic (CoP) interface in primary total hip arthroplasty, and provide clinical evidence.@*METHODS@#Search PubMed, EMBase, the CoChrane Library databases, Web of science, Wanfang database, and CNKI from January 2000 to September 2021, screening and inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the long-term efficacy and complications of CoC interface and CoP interface in total hip arthroplasty. Literature screening, quality evaluation and data extraction were carried out according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, using Review Manager 5.3 statistical software. The software was used to perform statistical analysis on joint function, revision, prosthesis fracture, abnormal joint noise, and prosthesis wear rate after CoC or CoP.@*RESULTS@#Seven RCTs studies were included, including 390 cases of hips with CoC artificial joints and 384 cases of hips with CoP artificial joints. The long-term joint function improvement of CoC and CoP artificial joints was similar and there was no significant differences, with an average difference was MD=0.63, 95%CI=(-1.81, 3.07), P=0.61. About the postoperative complications, CoC artificial joints have higher incidence rate of abnormal joint noise, with odds ratio (OR)=11.05, 95%CI=(2.04, 59.84), P=0.005. CoP artificial joints wear faster, with an average MD=-87.11, 95%CI=(-114.40, -59.82), P<0.000 1. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the replacement-related complications such as joint dislocation, prosthesis loosening, osteolysis, and the rate of prosthesis revision caused by various reasons.@*CONCLUSION@#The clinical function results and complications of CoC artificial joints are comparable to those of CoP artificial joints. Although CoP artificial joint prosthesis has a faster wear rate, it does not affect joint function and increase complications, and there is no abnormal joint noise. CoC is expensive and the long-term efficacy is equivalent to CoP. Clinicians should consider cost performance when choosing CoC.

Cirugía de prótesis de cadera en el adulto con enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes / Total hip arthroplasty in adults with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Objetivos: Revisar las cirugías de prótesis totales de cadera realizadas en nuestro hospital, determinar el origen de la artrosis e identificar cuántas se colocaron por coxartrosis secundarias a enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el que se revisaron todas las cirugías de prótesis totales de cadera desde 2008 hasta diciembre de 2021. Se evaluaron las radiografías prequirúrgicas para determinar la etiología de la artrosis, y se consideraron variables, como lateralidad, sexo y edad en el momento de la intervención. Resultados: Se revisaron 1103 caderas en 935 pacientes. El 81% correspondía a coxartrosis primaria. En 11 caderas de 10 pacientes (1%), se detectó coxartrosis secundaria a la enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes. La media de la edad de estos pacientes era de 61 años. Conclusiones: Hay evidencia de que las alteraciones del crecimiento de la fisis femoral proximal o el sobrecrecimiento del trocánter mayor, propias de la enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes, pueden contribuir a la aparición de un choque femoroacetabular, con su consiguiente coxartrosis precoz. Es posible que algunas "mal clasificadas" coxartrosis primarias fueran identificadas así porque no existía otro dato sugerente de coxartrosis secundarias, y escondieran otra etiología evolucionada. Asimismo, proponemos el seguimiento del paciente joven con enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes, más allá del final del crecimiento, para identificar el choque femoroacetabular en sus inicios y poder ofrecer opciones terapéuticas artroscópicas. Nivel de Evidencia: III

Objectives: To review the number of total hip replacements (THA) performed in our hospital, determine their aetiology and identify how many of them were performed for hip osteoarthritis secondary to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study reviewing all THA surgeries from 2008 to December 2021. We studied the pre-operative radiographs, determining the aetiology of the osteoarthritis, laterality, sex and age of the patient at the time of surgery. Results: We reviewed a total of 1103 hips in 935 patients. Primary hip osteoarthritis accounted for 81% of the cases. We gathered a total of 11 hips from 10 individuals (1%), with a mean age of 61 years, for hip osteoarthritis secondary to LCPD. Conclusions:There is evidence that femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI), which results in early secondary hip osteoarthritis, may be influenced by changes in the growth of the proximal femoral physis or overgrowth of the greater trochanter, which are characteristics of LCPD. We believe that certain cases of "misclassified" primary hip osteoarthritis may have been incorrectly identified since no additional information was found to support the diagnosis of secondary hip osteoarthritis, hiding the potential of an alternate, evolved aetiology. Furthermore, we suggest monitoring young patients with LCPD after their growth is complete in order to detect early FAI and provide arthroscopic therapeutic options. Level of Evidence: III

Ventana cortical anterior para extracción de vástago en revisión de artroplastia total de cadera: una alternativa a la osteotomía trocantérica extendida / Anterior cortical window for stem extraction in total hip arthroplasty revision: an alternative to extended trochanteric osteotomy

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a safe and effective procedure in patients with end-stage ostheoarthritis. In the last years the indication for THA is increasingly in younger patients, associated with rising of life expectancy, this imply an increase in revision surgeries for various causes such as: aseptic loosening, fractures and infections. In this context and in view of the need to replace the femoral component, alternatives to the classic extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) arise, such as the anterior cortical window (ACW), which allows the rate of complications to be reduced with excellent results. We present the case of a 51-year-old patient who sustained one episode of dislocation, who required revision surgery due to aseptic loosenig, where the ACW was used for the extraction of the stem. In addition, a review of the literature was made to show advantages and complications regarding ETO.

Strain Analysis in Cementless Hip Femoral Prosthesis using the Finite Element Method - Influence of the Variability of the Angular Positioning of the Implant / Análise da deformação na prótese femoral não cimentada do quadril pelo método de elementos finitos - Influência da variabilidade do posicionamento angular do implante

Abstract Objective The present study aims to evaluate the influence of different positioning of the hip femoral prosthesis on the stress and strain over this implant. Methods A femoral prosthesis (Taper - Víncula, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil) was submitted to a stress and strain analysis using the finite element method (FEM) according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7206-6 Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses - Part 6: Endurance properties testing and performance requirements of neck region of stemmed femoral components standard. The analysis proposed a branch of the physical test with a +/− 5° angle variation on the standard proposed for α and β variables. Results The isolated +/− 5° variation on the α angle, as well as the association of +/− 5° variation on the α and β angles, presented significant statistical differences compared with the control strain (p= 0.027 and 0.021, respectively). Variation on angle β alone did not result in a significant change in the strain of the prosthesis (p= 0.128). The stem positioning with greatest implant strain was α = 5° and β = 14° (p= 0.032). Conclusion A variation on the positioning of the prosthetic femoral stem by +/− 5° in the coronal plane and/or the association of a +/− 5° angle in coronal and sagittal planes significantly influenced implant strain.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a influência da variação do posicionamento da prótese femoral do quadril na tensão e na deformação produzidas neste implante. Métodos Utilizou-se a análise de tensão e de deformação da prótese femoral (Taper, Víncula, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil) pelo método de elementos finitos (MEF) de acordo com a norma ISO 7206-6 Implants for surgery - Partial and total hip joint prostheses-Part 6: Endurance properties testing and performance requirements of neck region of stemmed femoral components. A análise propôs uma ramificação do ensaio físico, com variação da angulação de +/− 5° sobre a proposta normativa das variáveis α e β. Resultados Ao comparar com a deformação controle, houve significância estatística com a angulação isolada de +/− 5° do ângulo α, bem como com a associação de +/− 5° nas angulações α e β (p= 0,027 e 0,021, respectivamente). Já com a variação apenas do ângulo β, não houve variação significativa na deformação da prótese (p= 0,128). A posição da haste com maior deformação no implante foi com α = 5° e β = 14° (p= 0,032). Conclusão A variabilidade de posicionamento da haste femoral protética de +/− 5° no plano coronal e/ou a associação da angulação de +/− 5° nos planos coronal e sagital interferiu de forma significativa na deformação do implante.

Is There Any Difference Between a Spherical Marker and a Simple Coin for Hip Replacement Digital Planning? / Existe alguma diferença entre um marcador esférico e uma moeda simples para planejamento digital de substituição de quadril?

Abstract Objective To evaluate the accuracy and differences between 2 types of metallic markers, sphere, and coin, for radiographic calibration in the preoperative planning of hip arthroplasty. Methods Four spherical metallic markers and four coins, both 25 mm in diameter, were placed on the greater trochanter, pubic symphysis, between the thighs, and on the table of the exam, for radiographic examination of the hip in 33 patients with hip prosthesis. The prosthesis head was used for calibration and two examiners measured the markers' image diameters, and the results were analyzed statistically. Results In the greater trochanter, the sphere and the coin were not visualized in 19 radiographs (57.6%). Between the thighs, the coin marker was not visualized in 13 radiographs (39.4%). In the greater trochanter, the 25-mm accuracy of the coin and the sphere was, respectively, between 57.1 and 63.3% and between 64.3 and 92.9%. The coin between the thighs reached 25-mm accuracy in between 50 and 60% of cases. Over the exam table, the coin and sphere markers reached, respectively, the mean diameters of 22.91 mm and 23 mm, the lowest coefficient of variation, the lowest confidence interval, and the easiest positioning. There was statistical difference between the evaluations of the markers (coin vs. sphere) in all positions (p< 0.032), except for the exam table position (p= 0.083). Conclusions The coin between the thighs is the best marker for radiographic calibration in the preoperative planning of hip arthroplasty, and we suggest the use of another coin on the exam table for comparison, considering the 8% reduction in relation to its real size.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a precisão e as diferenças entre 2 tipos de marcadores metálicos, esfera e moeda, para calibração radiográfica no planejamento pré-operatório da artroplastia de quadril. Métodos Quatro marcadores metálicos esféricos e quatro moedas, ambas de 25 mm de diâmetro, foram colocadas em trocânter maior, sínfise púbica, entre as coxas e a mesa do exame, para exame radiográfico do quadril em 33 pacientes com prótese de quadril. A cabeça da prótese foi utilizada para calibração e dois examinadores mediram os diâmetros da imagem dos marcadores, e os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados No trocânter maior, a esfera e a moeda não foram visualizadas em 19 radiografias (57,6%). Entre as coxas, o marcador de moeda não foi visualizado em 13 radiografias (39,4%). No trocânter maior, a precisão de 25 mm da moeda e da esfera foi, respectivamente, entre 57,1 e 63,3% e entre 64,3 e 92,9%. A moeda entre as coxas atingiu 25 mm de precisão entre 50 e 60%. Sobre a mesa de exame, os marcadores de moeda e esfera atingiram, respectivamente, diâmetros médios de 22,91 mm e 23 mm, o menor coeficiente de variação, o menor intervalo de confiança e o posicionamento mais fácil. Houve diferença estatística entre as avaliações dos marcadores (moeda vs. esfera) em todas as posições (p< 0,032), com exceção da posição na mesa de exame (p= 0,083). Conclusões A moeda entre as coxas é o melhor marcador para calibração radiográfica no planejamento pré-operatório da artroplastia de quadril, e sugerimos o uso de outra moeda na mesa de exame para comparação, considerando os 8% de redução em relação ao seu tamanho real.

Cemented Calcar Replacement versus Long Stem Cemented Hemiarthroplasty in Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in Octogenarians / Substituição do calcar cimentado versus hemiartroplastia de haste longa cimentada em fraturas intertrocantéricas instáveis em octogenários

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to compare functional results after Cemented Calcar replacement vis-a-vis Long stem Cemented hemiarthroplasty in patients aged more than 80 years with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Methods The present prospective, randomized trial included 140 patients with AO/OTA type 31-A2, A3 intertrochanteric femur fracture, randomized into 2 treatment groups and followed-up for a minimum of 2 years. Sixty-seven patients in group A were treated with a cemented calcar replacing prosthesis, and 65 patients in group B were treated with a cemented long stem femoral stem prosthesis. The primary end points were hip functions at 2 years. The secondary end points were the complications encountered, mortality, surgical time, reoperation, blood loss, and activities of daily living. Results There were no major differences between the groups in terms of hip function, quality of life (health related), reoperation, mortality, and blood loss. However, the function in hip joint and activities of daily living deteriorated in both groups in comparison with prefracture levels. Conclusion In octogenarians with an unstable intertrochanteric fracture, cemented calcar replacing prosthesis has similar clinical results in comparison with long stem cemented hemiarthroplasty. Hemiarthroplasty with either implant is a good option in this subset of patients. Level of evidence: I

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os resultados funcionais após a substituição do Calcar cimentado em comparação com a hemiartroplastia cimentada de haste longa em pacientes com mais de 80 anos com fratura intertrocantérica instável. Métodos O presente estudo prospectivo e randomizado incluiu 140 pacientes com fratura de fêmur intertrocantérica, conforme classificação AO/OTA tipo 31-A2, A3, randomizados em 2 grupos de tratamento e acompanhados por um período mínimo de 2 anos. Sessenta e sete pacientes do grupo A foram tratados com uma prótese de substituição do calcar cimentada e 65 pacientes do grupo B foram tratados com uma prótese femoral de haste longa cimentada. Os desfechos primários foram as funções do quadril em 2 anos. Os eventos secundários foram as complicações encontradas, a mortalidade, o tempo cirúrgico, segunda cirurgia, perda de sangue e as atividades do cotidiano. Resultados Não houve grandes diferenças entre os grupos em termos de função do quadril, qualidade de vida (relacionada à saúde), segunda cirurgia, mortalidade e perda de sangue. No entanto, a função da articulação do quadril e as atividades da vida diária se deterioraram em ambos os grupos em comparação com os níveis pré-fratura. Conclusão Nos octogenários com fratura intertrocantérica instável, a prótese de substituição do calcar cimentada apresentou resultados clínicos semelhantes em comparação com a hemiartroplastia de haste longa cimentada. A hemiartroplastia comqualquer umdos implantes é uma boa opção nesse subgrupo de pacientes. Nível de evidência: I

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Update Article / Osteonecrose da cabeça femoral: Artigo de atualização

Abstract Among the pathologies that affect the hip joint, osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is probably the most intriguing and challenging. It consists of a multifactorial disease with a highly-variable spectrum in its clinical presentation. It has a devastating effect, due to disabling painful conditions, both for usual activities and sports. Given the huge range of risk factors, such as prolonged use of corticosteroids (especially in cases of rheumatologic diseases), trauma sequelae, sickle cell anemia, HIV, alcoholism, smoking, blood dyscrasias, and several other diseases that compromise the blood supply to the femoral head, ONFH has a varied clinical presentation and prognosis, which makes it difficult to determine a specific treatment, especially in cases in which chondral involvement has not yet occurred and the hip joint is still preserved. These are the main factors found in the literature that determine the classifications of this pathology. The range of treatments includes several options for cases in which an attempt is made to save the joint: conservative treatment, traditional decompression and/or combined with some type of adjuvant treatment (homologous grafting, synthetic grafting, vascularized grafts, tantalum screws, and bone marrow aspirate injection), and, for cases in which there is already a subchondral fracture and/or collapse of the femoral head and/or a reduction in the joint space, femoral osteotomies or total hip arthroplasty are commonly performed.

Resumo Entre as patologias que acometem a articulação coxofemoral, a osteonecrose da cabeça femoral (ONCF) é provavelmente a mais intrigante e desafiadora. Consiste em uma doença multifatorial, com um espectro muito variável em sua apresentação clínica. Tem efeito devastador, devido a quadros dolorosos incapacitantes tanto para atividades habituais quanto esportivas. Dada a gama enorme de fatores de risco, tais como uso prolongado de corticoides (principalmente em casos de doenças reumatológicas), sequelas de trauma, anemia falciforme, HIV, etilismo, tabagismo, discrasias sanguíneas, e várias outras doenças que comprometem a irrigação sanguínea da cabeça femoral, a ONCF tem apresentação clínica e prognósticos bem variados, o que dificulta a determinação de um tratamento específico, especialmente em casos nos quais ainda não houve acometimento condral e a articulação do quadril ainda se mantém preservada, sendo estes os principais fatores encontrados na literatura que determinam as classificações desta patologia. No leque de tratamentos, encontramos diversas opções para os casos em que setenta salvar a articulação: tratamento conservador, descompressão simples e/ou associada a algum tipo de tratamento adjuvante (enxertia homóloga, enxertia sintética, enxertos vascularizados, parafusos de tântalo, e injeção de aspirado de medula óssea), e, para casos nos quais já há fratura subcondral e/ou colapso da cabeça femoral e/ou diminuição do espaço articular, reserva-se, comumente, a realização de osteotomias femorais ou artroplastia total do quadril.

Prevalencia de fracturas periprotésicas de fémur en una serie determinada de pacientes con reemplazo de cadera / Prevalence of periprosthetic femoral fractures in a selected series of hip replacement patients

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de fracturas periprotésicas en pacientes con antecedente de reemplazo de cadera que ingresaron a un servicio de ortopedia entre el 2010 al 2018. Materiales y métodos 709 pacientes fueron atendidos, pero solo 15 pacientes presentaron fracturas periprotésicas. Resultados La prevalencia de fracturas periprotésicas fue del 2.1% (IC 95%: 1.05; 3.17). La mayor parte de los casos se presentaron en el sexo femenino con un porcentaje de 53,3%, con edad promedio de 74.2 año. Las principales causas de fractura periprotésica fueron el trauma en la cadera por caída desde su propia altura. Solo el 12.12% presentaron alguna complicación local o sistémica. Conclusiones La prevalencia de fracturas periprotésicas fue menor del 3%; esta patología depende de distintos factores que se deben tener en cuenta al momento de realizar los procedimientos quirúrgicos.

Objective To determine the prevalence of periprosthetic fractures in patients with a history of hip replacement admitted to an orthopedic service between 2010 and 2018. Materials and methods 709 patients were seen, but only 15 patients had periprosthetic fractures. Results The prevalence of periprotic fractures was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.05; 3.17). The majority of cases occurred in females with a percentage of 53.3%, with an average age of 74.2 years. The main causes of periprotic fracture were hip trauma from falling from its own height. Only 12.12% presented some local or systemic complication. Conclusions The prevalence of periprosthetic fractures was less than 3%; this pathology depends on different factors that must be taken into account when performing surgical procedures.

Mixed bacterial-fungal infection following total hip arthroplasty: A case report / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Prosthetic infection is one of the severe postoperative complications of arthroplasty. Mixed bacterial-fungal prosthetic infection is rare but can be disastrous. This case was a 76-year-old female suffered from prosthetic infection following total hip replacement due to femoral neck fracture and underwent multiple debridements. The culture of periprosthetic tissue was bacteriologically sterile following the first debridement, while the Staphylococcus hominis was identified in the second debridement in the previous hospitalization where fungal infection had not been considered. Thus the pathogen spectrum of anti-infection therapy failed to contain fungus. Ultimately, the culture result of our sampled periprosthetic tissue during the third debridement was Candida albicans without bacterium in our hospital. The fungal prosthetic infection was successfully treated by a two-stage revision with antifungal drugs. Accurate diagnosis and standardized treatment is the key to the therapy of infection after hip arthroplasty, especially for mixed bacterial-fungal prosthetic infection.

Evaluation of acetabular anteversion after total hip arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether the anteversion angle of acetabular prosthesis can be evaluated on the anteroposterior X-ray film of common double hip joint.@*METHODS@#Total 32 patients(41 hips) after total hip arthroplasty were selected, including 18 males and 14 females, aged(66.2±4.1) years. All patients completed the positive X-ray film of both hips and plain CT scan of pelvis after operation. Acetabular anteversion was measured by plain CT scan of pelvis, and measured by Saka and other measurement formulas on X-ray film.@*RESULTS@#The acetabular anteversion measured by X-ray film was(16.2±5.0)° and that measured by CT was (31.8±9.7)°(P=0.00). In addition, there was a significant linear correlation between X-ray film and CT(Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0.84, P=0.00).@*CONCLUSION@#CT can accurately measure the acetabular anteversion, but it has obvious disadvantages, such as large radiation, high cost, phantom CT artifact and so on. Although Saka measurement formula can not directly obtain the accurate acetabular anteversion as CT measurement, it has a high correlation with the acetabular anteversion measured by CT. Therefore, the method proposed in this study can also preliminarily evaluate the acetabular anteversion.

Research progress on the revision of Metal-on-Metal hip arthroplasty due to adverse reactions to metal debris / 中国骨伤

The choice of friction interface has always been a controversial topic in hip arthroplasty. Although the metal-on-metal (MoM) interface has gradually faded out of our vision, its revision is a clinical difficulty. Adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD) is the most common indication for MoM hip arthroplasty revision, and the clinical results of hip arthroplasty due to ARMD are not satisfactory. At present, the indications and suggestions for revision of ARMD are not uniform. In this article, the clinical diagnosis, indications of revision, risk factors of prognosis, intraoperative suggestions and reasons for revision of ARMD were summarized. This article briefly introduces the diagnosis and treatment strategies and precautions of hip arthroplasty due to ARMD, in order to provide reference for such patients in clinical practice.

Research status of acetabular reconstruction in Crowe type Ⅱ and Ⅲ developmental dysplasia of the hip / 中国骨伤

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a major cause of hip arthritis and ultimately total hip arthroplasty. Due to the dysplastic acetabulum, how to place the acetabular cup becomes a challenge in acetabular reconstruction for such patients. Especially in the acetabula classified as Crowe typeⅡand type Ⅲ, the dislocation of the femoral head causes bone defects above the true acetabulum, which will affect the stability of the acetabular cup when the acetabular reconstruction is performed at the true acetabulum. Many acetabular reconstruction methods such as bone grafting, the use of small acetabular cups, socket medialization technique, and high hip center technique are used to increase the host bone coverage of the cup. However, each method has its own shortcomings that can not be ignored so that there is no unified conclusion on the acetabular reconstruction methods for Crowe typeⅡand type Ⅲ hip dysplasia. This article summarized and evaluated various reconstruction methods in combination with the acetabular morphology of DDH, and put forward the research direction in the future.

Application of porous tantalum Jumbo cup in revision of hip arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical effect of porous tantalum Jumbo cup on acetabular reconstruction in revision of total hip arthroplasty.@*METHODS@#From September 2014 to December 2017, 18 patients(18 hips) with acetabular defect were reconstructed by porous tantalum Jumbo cup technology, including 6 males and 12 females;the age ranged from 54 to 76 years old with an average of(63.8±15.3) years. There were 6 cases of paprosky typeⅡA, 8 cases of typeⅡB, 2 cases of typeⅡC and 2 cases of type Ⅲ a. Harris score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were performed before and after operation. Imaging examination was performed to evaluate the position of hip rotation center and prosthesis, and to judge whether acetabular loosening, displacement and complications existed.@*RESULTS@#All cases were followed up for 13 to 49 months, with an average of 20.6 months. Harris score increased from 54.6±4.7 to 86.5±3.2 one year after operation(P<0.01), and VAS score decreased from 6.8±0.7 to 0.8±0.6 one year after operation (P<0.01). The transverse coordinate of hip rotation center was (3.52±0.72) cm before operation and (3.47±0.54) cm after operation (P>0.05). The longitudinal coordinate of hip rotation center was improved from (3.02±0.84) cm before operation to (2.35±0.53) cm after operation (P<0.01). During the follow-up period, the Jumbo cup was well fixed without loosening and displacement, the acetabular cup had bone ingrowth in varying degrees, and no light transmission line and osteolysis around the acetabular cup were found. No complications such as infection and nerve injury occurred.@*CONCLUSION@#The method of reconstructing acetabular bone defect with porous tantalum Jumbo cup is simple and easy, the early stability of acetabulum is good, and the short-term follow-up effect is good.

Descripción del posicionamiento de una copa monobloque no cementada en el posoperatorio inmediato / Description of uncemented monobloc cup positioning in the immediate postoperative period

Introducción El posicionamiento adecuado de la copa acetabular en el reemplazo total de cadera (RTC) puede mejorar la función, reducir el desgaste, el pinzamiento y la luxación. La posición de la copa se describe como la relación espacial entre el centro de rotación de la cadera y la pelvis. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el posicionamiento de una copa monobloque no cementada en el posoperatorio inmediato de los pacientes a quienes se les realizo un RTC primario. Materiales y Métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo, los pacientes fueron operados por 4 cirujanos especialistas en cirugía de reemplazo articular de cadera en 8 clínicas, los procedimientos se realizaron entre octubre de 2015 a agosto de 2018, las medidas radiológicas fueron la inclinación, anteversión, lateralización, porcentaje de descubrimiento y espacio detrás de la copa acetabular. Resultados Los mayores porcentajes son para las copas acetabulares con inclinación de 36 a 48 grados, anteversión de 5 a 15 grados, lateralización de -2 a +2mm, porcentaje de descubrimiento del 0% y espacio detrás de la copa de 0 a 3mm. Discusión Diferentes autores han identificado zonas seguras de implantación las cuales concuerdan con los resultados de nuestro estudio. El posicionamiento adecuado de la copa acetabular monobloque no cementada se pudo lograr con una correcta indicación del implante, un abordaje quirúrgico que permitió una ubicación tridimensional idónea y un acetábulo sin alteraciones anatómicas a nivel periférico.

Background Appropriate positioning of the acetabular cup in total hip arthroplasty (THA) can improve hip function, reduce wear, impingement and dislocation. The position of the cup is described as the spatial relationship between the centre of rotation of the hip and the pelvis. The aim of this study is to describe the positioning of the uncemented monoblock cup in the immediate postoperative period in patients who underwent a primary THA. Methods Descriptive observational study. The patients were operated by 4 joints arthroplasty surgeons in 8 different hospitals, from October 2015 to August 2018. The radiological measurements were taken from the AP Pelvis Xrays of the immediate postoperative. The inclination, anteversion, lateralization, percentage of cup uncovered and the space behind the acetabular cup. Results 82.05% of the cups were in the range of inclination from 36 to 48 degrees; 85.71% had an anteversion between 5 to 15 degrees, 76.56% presented a lateralization of -2 to +2mm, 94.51% of the patients didnt have a uncover cup, and 92.67% of the cups had a space behind the cup from 0 to 3mm. Discussion In our study the highest percentage of cups were implanted with parameters agree to the safety areas reported by various authors. Adequate positioning of the uncemented monoblock acetabular cup can be achieved with a proper indication, a surgical approach that allows an ideal three-dimensional location and an acetabulum with a good peripheral rim that provides the required press-fit.

Application value of liquid crystal digital display goniometer in total hip arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the application value of liquid crystal digital display goniometer in total hip arthroplasty.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to December 2019, 83 patients underwent primary total hip arthroplasty, including 28 males and 55 females, aged 42 to 81 (70.4±7.9) years. There were 63 cases of femoral neck fracture and 20 cases of avascular necrosis of femoral head. All patients used liquid crystal digital goniometer to control the anteversion of acetabular cup prosthesis during operation, and CT scanning was used to measure the anteversion of acetabular cup after operation. The two methods were compared to understand the accuracy of using liquid crystal digital goniometer.@*RESULTS@#Postoperative CT measurement showed that the acetabular anteversion of all patients was in the safe area advocated by Lewinnek. The anteversion angle of acetabular cup measured by liquid crystal digital goniometer was 14.20(12.80 to 15.40)°, and the anteversion angle of acetabular cup measured by postoperative CT scan was 14.20 (13.40 to 15.50)°. There was no significant difference between the two (@*CONCLUSION@#It is an accurate and reliable method to control the anteversion of acetabular cup with liquid crystal digital display angle instrument, which has a good auxiliary reference value.